Yes you can. But you don't want to...
My brother and I met up for a range session this morning. He's an overworked Detective and father of two toddlers, so he hasn't had a range session in months. He brought probably 10 different rifles and shotguns in 8 different calibers which were: .22 LR, .17 HMR, .223, 7.62x39, 6.5 Creedmoor, 6.5 PRC, .308 Win, and 12 GA.
He brought out his beloved Remington 700 SPS Tactical in .308 and in a new Magpul stock. He also just got it back from a gunsmith who replaced the trigger due to a recall.
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He began firing it at 25 yards and was confused as to why it wasn't on paper. I told him to remove the bolt and look down the bore and compare it to the scope to see if it was close. He couldn't do that with the Magpul stock since the comb was too high.
He handed me the box of ammo he was using to show me that it was very high quality and expensive Federal Match ammo. I looked it over and handed it back to him. You can see it in the basket next to his elbow in the above photo.
I continued to fire my rifle while he struggled with his. He was getting increasingly frustrated until he finally walked up to within 15 yards of the target and fired into it twice...
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The bullets were clearly tumbling. I told him that mean't that the bullets were severely undersized to the bore.
His eyes got big, and he picked up the nearly empty box of ammo and started cursing. Yep, he had been shooting very expensive 6.5 Creeedmoor match ammo in his .308 rifle.
This is what a 6.5 Creedmoor case looks like after being fire-formed to a .308 chamber. It's the one on the right...
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I told him his rifle was fine and to run a patch through it and use the proper ammo. He did, and promptly shot a group that made my 7/8" group look like a sloppy shotgun pattern...
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