.38 S&W never did have very much upmf to them. And they were originally a black powder cartridge. An old Lyman Ideal reloading handbook, #38, from 1951, had load data for the 38 S&W. Not black powder data, but Unique, and Bullseye, powders I was using when I started reloading for my own .38 S&W revolver, an Iver Johnson Break-top. 2-3 grains of Bullseye worked well for the shot capsules I usually loaded, and 2 grains was supposed to give about 580fps with a 158gr bullet, 3 grains gave about 800 fps with the same bullet. At least according to the copy of that handbook I have now. My ex got that pistol over 40 years ago, and lost it. Left it in her car, and it was stolen. Not by me, either.
There was not a great deal of recoil with those loads, IIRC. I can see a 9mm auto not doing all that well functioning with BP.
And that cartridge was why the US Army switched to the .45 Auto when they came out, as the
.38 S&W was too anemic for the little Moro tribesmen in the Philippines a few years before.