Snakebite Treatment & Prevention- Policy Review
TREATMENT - IF YOU ARE BITTEN BY A RATTLESNAKE - TREATMENT
1. Get to safety, and away from the snake. Protect the person and others from further bites.
2. Call 911 immediately, and get help on the way. (If you call from a landline, your location is displayed to 911. If you call from a cell phone it goes through the CHP 911 dispatcher in Sacramento and this will take more time.) . Use others to assist you if they are present and able. Responding quickly in this type of emergency is crucial. While waiting for emergency assistance.
3. Keep the person calm. Remain calm yourself. Panic is infectious and compromises judgment. Acute stress reaction increases blood flow and endangers the person. Keep the victim still and calm to lower the heart rate. Monitor breathing and heart rate.
4. If possible TRANSPORT VICTIM IMMEDIATELY or meet EMTs at a rendezvous point in transit to a TRAUMA CENTER. It is preferable to bring transport to the victim or carry the victim to transportation during initial treatment. If the victim must move or walk to transportation have them remain still & calm for 15-20 minutes and then move slowly enough to keep the heart rate low. This step is to allow the venom to settle in just the bite area. Panic, exertion, or raising the victim’s heart rate will cause fresh venom to move to other areas of the body much faster. This should be avoided if possible.
5. Keep the wound lower than the heart – Immobilize a bitten arm or leg - Apply direct pressure to the wound - Cleanse the wound. Use only soap and water to cleanse but do not flush the bite with water then cover it with a clean, dry compress dressing.
6. Do not administer stimulants or pain medications, unless specifically directed to do so by a physician. Do not give the person anything to eat or drink. This is especially important with consumable alcohol, a known vasodilator which will speed up the absorption of venom.
Stay as quiet as possible to keep the poison from spreading through your body.
7. Remove all rings, watches, and constrictive clothing, in case of swelling. Do not use a tourniquet or apply ice. Apply a splint to reduce limb movement of the affected area but do not to restrict blood flow.
8. Do not cut the wound or attempt to remove the venom through any means. Never attempt sucking the venom from the wound by mouth or by using a suction devise.
Do not try to capture the snake, but try to remember its color and shape so you can describe it, which will help in your treatment. It is helpful to remember what the snake looks like, its size, and the type of snake if you know it, in order to inform the emergency room staff.
Note the time of the bite so that it can be reported to an emergency room physician if needed. If possible, try to remember to draw a circle around the affected area and mark the time of the bite and the initial reaction. If you are able, redraw the circle around the site of injury marking the progression of time. It is helpful to remember what the snake looks like, its size, and the type of snake if you know it, in order to inform the emergency room staff.
All rattlesnake venom has protein venom designed to kill its prey and also is the first step in its digestion. The venom starts to break down (eat) the prey's tissue. Some rattlesnakes have venom that is also a neuro-toxin which is designed to shut down breathing and stop the heart.
Keeping the wound below the heart, staying calm, applying pressure to the wound and a loose splint will help prevent the bloodstream from moving venom to major organs and muscles, which can be fatal. The reasons for calm and stillness is to let the venom settle in just the bite area. Panic, exertion or raising the victim’s heart rate will pump fresh venom via the circulatory system to major organs and muscles, which it will then begin to shut down or digest (eat).